Communication system



Dec. 8, 1942. H. J. NICHOLS ETAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Fil-ed Aug. 17, 1340 l1 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 8, 1942. H. J. NlcHoLs ETAL 2,304,769

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed Aug. 17, 1940 '11 SheeiZS-Sheefl ATTORNEY.

Dec. 8, 1942. H. J. NlcHoLs ETAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed Aug. 17, 1940 l1 SheeLS--SheeI 3 Dec. 8, 1942. H. J. NICHOLS ETAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed Aug. 17, 1940 1 1 Sheets-Sheet 4 @m NQ una@ nom ATTORNEY.

DCC 8,1942- H. J. NICHOLS ET A1. 2,304,769

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed Aug. 17, 1940 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 Dec. 8, 1942. H, 1 NICHOLS ET AL 2,304,769

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed Aug. 17, 1940 Ill Sheets-Sheet 6 ATTRNEY.

WMM

H. J. NICHOLS ET A1.

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed Aug. 1'?, 1940 1l Sheets-Sheet 7 nasa'. Flesh.

FIC-5.12.

INVENTORS HAP/Pv .f. /v/c/ms Hmm/z. mow rfa/Q MM- AT ORNEY.

Dec. 8, 1942.

Dec. 8, 1942. H. J. NICHOLS ET AL 2,304,759

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed Aug. 17, 1940 l1 Sheets-Sheetl 8 FIG. 10.

ATTORNEY.

Dec. 8, 1942.` H. .1. Mci-lou.;l ETAL 2,304,759

COMMUNICATION `SYSTEM Filed Aug. 17, 1940 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 n man FIG.14.

' ATTORNEY.

De- 8, 1942 H. J. NICHOLS ETAL 2,304,769

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed Aug. 17, 1940 'l1 Sheets-Sheet l0 FlGZ f a f lasgshm masc.

I NV EN TORS HAA Y J /Y/CHOLS Hf /V Y L. THOLSTKl/P ATTORNEY.

Dec. 8, 1942. H. J. NICHOLS Erm. A2,:.504759 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed Aug. 17, 1940 11 Sheets-Sheet l1 ATTORNEY.

Patented Dec. 8, 71942 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Harry J.

hamton, N. Y.,

Nichols and Henry L. Tholstrup, Bingassignors to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application August 17, 1940, Serial No. 353,113

11 Claims.

The present invention relates to interoice or interstation communication systems and more particularly to communication systems for interconnecting separate typewriters of a certain standard construction, modified to conform to a telegraphic keyboard wherein the operation of ans1 one typewriter in a normal manner, can be isolated, at will, from the operation of the system, to permit ordinary individual operation of the respective typewriters or, on the other hand, operation of one typewriter in the normal manner can be utilized to locally produce a copy, at a sending station, of the intelligence to be transmitted, and to simultaneously operate a second or receiving similar typewriter or a plurality of such receiving typewriters at remote points. In like manner, each of the plurality of receiving typewriters can be utilized, when desired, as sending typewriters, and means are provided for break-in" by a receive station, so that the direc-L tion of transmission can be reversed when necessary or desired.

In devices of the prior art wherein interoiice messages have been transmitted, special machines which are not the usual standard equipment of business oices have been employed. There have also been previously provided, electrical interconnecting systems for standard typewriters, but such systems have generally required an extensive rebuilding of the mechanical structure of the typewriter itself, to adapt it to suchl a system.

Accordingly, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide novel means for interconnecting and operating two or more standard oice equipment typewriters, such as the well known Electromatic typewriter, modiiied to conform to a telegraphic keyboard so that such an instrument is utilized merely with parts of the original machine omitted and with very little additional equipment, in an interoilice communication system, to produce speedy and accurate transmission and reception of messages and the device is so constructed that a great part oi the additional equipment is incorporated within the ambit of the typewriter frame.

Another object is to provide a novel system oi communication including break-in for interconnecting two or more typewriters, wherein an absolute minimum number of signal channels is utilized between interconnected machines.

A further object is to provide a novel system of communication for interconnecting at least two typewriters, comprising means controlled by each depressed key of the keyboard for setting up, ln a simple and direct manner, a code com bination of signal impulses, representative of thefunction or character represented by the depressed key and including start and stop signal impulses, said code combination comprising a plurality of electrical impulses of identical characteristics and of equal duration, a single signal channel interconnecting the typewriters, means for transmitting selectively and sequentially over said channel, the individual impulses or elements of a signal, representing a particular function or character, and a mechanical translator whose elements are positioned selectively in laccordance with the individual elements of the code combination to select one key bar only, corresponding to the key depressed at the sending station, which key bar is operated by a seeker lever, released by a print bar controlled by a timed local impulse, whereby the depression of a chosen character key of such a standard typewriterr at one station produces typing locally and also proand in synchronism, the code elements compris- I ing a characteristic signal, and mechanical translator means controlled by received code elements ior translating the same and selectively releasing a seeker lever to operate that key bar only, which corresponds to the key depressed at the sending station.

A further object is to provide a novel breakin system whereby the operator at a receiving station can4 interrupt transmission of signals,v

indicate the "break-in to the original sending operator and reverse the direction of transmission.

Another object is to provide a novel clutch for operation ci the start-stop mechanisms at the sending and receiving stations.

Still another object is to provide a novel mechanical translator and operating means therefor.

A further object is to provide a novel distributor for sequentially transmitting signal elements in accordance with a permutation set up by a selected character key.

Still another object is to provide a novel distributor including novel ranging means.

A further object is to provide novel means for setting up a code signal combination characteristic of a figures or letters shift function.

Still another object is to provide novel means for setting up a codeA signal combination characteristic of a carriage-return function.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the following description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose by way of example, the principle of the invention and the best mode whichhas been contemplated of applying that-principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating teleprinting devices such as typewriters suitable for ordinary oiiice work and also utilized in theproduction of code signal permutations representative of a character and also controllable by remotely originating signals to type .a character, and means for electrically interconnecting a pair of such devices by a minimum number of signal channels for signal transmission therebetween, the translator and vpermutation units being contained within the framework of the typewriter.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view, in skeleton outline only, illustrating fundamentally how the operation, at the send station, of a character key produces a code permutation of signal components representative of the particular character, which components, by means not shown in Fig. 2, in tum are relayed, in seriatim, to the signal channel, by a send-receive distributor assembly, and also illustrating fundamentally how a corresponding key bar is operated by a seeker lever corresponding to a characteristic signal received from a remote station, after said signal has been translated, to thereby select the corresponding seeker lever.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram, illustrating in skeleton outline the essential elements of a complete communication system including separate transmitting and receiving stations, respectively, with the start-stop clutches in the preliminary stop position and illustrating the signal channel between the stations.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram, generally like Fig. 3, but illustrating in greater detail circuits and elements of the transmitting and receiving mechanisms and including the circuits for break-in and keyboard lock-ou or latching.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating diagrammatically the mechanism for producing keyboard lock-out or latching.

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the means for and manner of operation of the con-A tacts comprising a transmitting or a receiving distributor, and the ranging mechanism for adjusting the timing of the distributor.

Fig. 6a is an end view of the device of Fig. 6.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the translator unit, the seeker levers and the mechanism for operating the print or drop bar.

Fig. 8 is a side elevation, illustrating in more detail, the mechanism for operating the print or drop bar.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentaryside view, partly in section, of the device of Fig. 8.

Fig. 9a is a detailed view of the piston element of Figs. 8 and 9.

' and pivot element of Figs. 8 and 9.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view illustrating fundamentally the manner of operation of the actuating mechanism for the print or drop bar under the control of a timed local impulse.

Fig. 11 is a plan view of the translator unit,

in part, illustrating schematically the latching of a permutation slide bar by a translator magnet latch.v

Fig. 12 is a frontview of the device of Fig. 114

and illustrating further details of the translator unit. Fig. 13 is a fragmentary sectional view illustrating` the rollers located between the permutation bars. i

Fig. 14 isa plan view of the translator unit, in part, illustrating schematically the release of'a permutation slide bar by a translator magnet.

Fig. 15 is a front view of the device of Fig. 14,

and also illustrating schematically the restore magnet and its armature for resetting the permutation slide bars.

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic view, illustrating a part of a circuit associated with a ktranslator magnet.

Fig. 17 is a side elevation, in section, of one form of novel start-stop, single revolutionclutch mechanism and including the transmitting and receiving cams, the latch contact operating cam, and the circuit breaker cam.

Fig. 18 is a perspective view illustratingV the construction of the spider of the clutch mechanism.

Fig. 19 is a partial sectional view, illustrating the position of the clutch driving pins, with relation to the spider and a driving cup, when the clutch is disengaged.k

Fig. 20 is a partial sectional view illustrating the clutch controlling disk mounted on the spider, and the manner in which the controlling ydisk actuates the clutch driving pins to the disengaged position of Fig. 19. 1

Fig. 2l is a view similar to'Fig. 20 but with the controlling disk advancing the driving pins to their engaged position. y

Fig. 22 is a view similar to Fig. `i9 but with the driving pins in theengaged or locked position of Fig. 21.

Fig. 23 is a sectional view illustrating the latch contact operating cam, the controlling disk and the accelerating spring in position.

Fig. 24 is a sectional view of the latch contact operating cam hub and the clutch spider, and the detent pawl for holding the parts in stopped position. l

Fig. 25 is a diagrammatic `view illustrating the coaction of the start-stop magnet, start-atop magnet armature -and the stop pin of the clutch controlling disk.

Figs. 25a, 25h and .25e are diagrammatic views illustrating the relative positions of the stop pin and start-stop armature under diiierent operating conditions.

Figure 26`is a perspective view illustrating the i the character is typed on the record sheet 50 at station A and the permutation unit (Fig. 2) is'A conditioned, as will be described later, so that an electrical signal is produced, composed of av predetermined permutation of similar electrical components, which components; by means of a send-receive distributor assembly, diagrammatically represented in Fig. 1, including a novel start-stop, single revolution clutch mechanism and send-receive and line relays; are transmitted sequentially over a signal channel represented as a line to the typewriter B at the receive station. It is to be specifically understood that any type of signal channel may be utilized. The respective signal components, when received by the send-receive distributor assembly at the receive station B, sequentially condition the respective translator magnets (Fig. 1l) of a novel translator mechanism, as will be explained in detail later, whereby the permutation slide bars of the translator are operated to align their respective slots with a certain seeker lever (Fig. '7), in accordance with the particular signal code permutation received. All the seeker levers are each connected to a key bar, respectively, (Fig. 2), and the key bar at a receive station controlled by the chosen seeker lever corresponds to the character key depressed at the send station.

Alignment of the slots of the slide bars as described above, by the selecting code signal elements of the signal, conditions one selected seeker lever for operation, and upon reception of the seventh or print pulse of the complete signal, the print magnet PM (Figs. 4 and 10) is energized to depress the print or drop bar as described in detail later and the selected seeker lever is actuated by its associated spring to operate the corresponding character key at the re\ ceive station, so that the same character is typed on the record sheet 50 (Fig. 1) at both the send and receive stations. Similarly, any of the letters can be typed and any function can be performed, so that any message can be typed at station A and signals set up at station A, which when transmitted to station B, will produce typing of the same message on the machine at that station. i

When the operator at station A wishes to send a message to station B, to be simultaneously typed upon both machines, the operator at station A, depresses the blank key SRKL- thereby conditioning the machine at station A for sending, station B being normally in receive condition, all as will be described in detail later. Warning and other signaling means may be provided between stations, in a manner well known in the art but such warning and signaling means do not constitute any part of the present inventon.

Referring specifically to Fig. 2, there is illustrated, in skeleton outline only, the mechanism and circuits for the operation of a chosen charin a well known manner, upon chosen character key,

acter key at station A with the consequent mechanical typing of the selected character at station A and the setting up of means for producing a signal, representative of the character, whereby such a signal may be transmitted to station. B to produce typing of the corresponding char-iacter at said station. The operation of the sendconditioned machine to produce a signal for remote operation of a receive-conditioned ma chine is as follows: Upon depression of a chosen character key 5I, the key bar 52 is oscillated about its pivot pin 53 against the force of return` spring 54 to move an extension arm 55 downwardly. Upon such downward movement, the bifurcated lower end of arm 55 engages a pin 56 on arm 51 integral with the stop lever 58, to thereby rotate stop lever 58 counterclockwise about its pivot 59. This rotation dlsengages the channel shaped lug 68 of stop lever 58 from the right hand one of a pair of detents 6I, on cam 62. An impeller arm 83, in contact with an impeller lug 64 on cam B2 is constantly urged in a clockwise direction by means of a spring 65 and upon the disengagement of the channel shaped lug 60 of the stop lever from a detent 6| of the cam, the impeller arm 63, by means of its contact with impeller lug 64, rotates the cam 52, slightly in a clockwise direction, until the cam engages the constantly rotating power roller 66 which is rotated about the stationary shaft 61 by means of the typewriter motor (not shown) in a manner well known in the art. The cam 62 by means of its engagement with power roller 66 is thereupon rotated a full half revolution clockwise, until the other, detent 6I, of the pair of detents on cam 62, engages the channel shaped lug 60 of stop lever 58, in a well known manner. Cam 62 is pivotally mounted by its axis 88 upon an arm 69 of a bell-crank 10 which in turn. is mounted for oscillation about a pivot 1|, and upon such rotation of cam 82, its eccentric contour causes a lateral movement of the cam axis 68 to thereby oscillatel bell-crank 18 in a counterclockwise direction, Such oscillation causes a downward movement of the arm 69a of bell-crank 10 to thereby pull down a link 12, to

rotate a bell-crank 13 against the force of spring 14 to actuate link 15 to oscillate bellcrank 15 to in turn actuate the typebar 11 to strike one of the type characters 18 against the record 50 (Fig. l), in a manner well known in the art.

Also, upon rotation of cam 82 and consequent lateral movement of the cam axis 68, a roller 19 carried on the lower end of arm 69, is moved laterally to the right, as viewed in Fig. 2. Roller 19 is in engagement with a shoulder 80s on a permutation slider mounted on suitable slotted guide bars 8l secured to the frame (not shown) of a typewriter unit. Each slider is provided with spaced studs 82 extending outwardly and alternately from one side and the other of the slider and such studs'are carried on both the top and bottom horizontal bars 80t and 80h, respectively, of the slider member. Rotatably mounted on each of a plurality of code rockshafts 83, and alternately on opposite sides of the sliders, are the diagrammatically represented rockshaft actuating clips 84 which may be of the type as disclosed in the copending application of Harry J. Nichols, Serial No. 353,114 filed Aug. 17, 1940. These clips 84 are removably attached tothe rockshafts, as described in said copending application, the relative number and disposition of the clips in the assembly for each slider being member. Therefore, upon depression of any` chosen character key, the respective code rockshafts 83, to which the clips are attached, will be rotated, as described in said application, and in such a direction that the particular code permutation representing the character, will be set up by the respective permutation switches. It is to be particularly noted, that the universal bail rockshaft 8'3UB is always actuated by means of its clip UB to move one out of a pair of its controlled switch arms comprising the universal bail switch, momentarily out of engagement, tol thereby produce a spacing condition on the signal channel, this rockshaft being diagrammatically illustrated as spring biased by means of a coil spring 85 acting through its associated clip 84UB so that the rockshaft and slider 80 are returned to their original positions upon completion of the half revolution of cam 62.

Upon the above described lateral movement of the cam axis, the roller 19 moves slider 80 to the right, as viewed in Fig. 2, against the spring bias eiIect of spring 85 acting through clip UB and its cooperating stud, whereby the studs carried by the slider actuate the associated clips and rotate the universal bail rockshaft 83UB and such code rockshafts 83, as is required to set up the signal. Such actuation of the clips rotates the associated rockshafts to actuate the diagrammatically represented switch operating elements UB and 86 to thereby permit the associated spring switch arm 81UX of the universal bailv rockshaft to move out of contact with its associated switch arm 8'IUXb and into engagement with switch arm BIUXa and to force certain of the associated spring switch arms or tongues 81 of the code rockshafts selectively into engagement with the associated switch arms 81a, de-

pendent upon the direction of rotation oi' the code rockshafts, respectively. It is to be particularly noted, that all code permutation signal settings are diierentially produced and only those rockshafts are actuated which require a change from the setting for the previously typed character. If the same letter is typed twice in succession. the corresponding slider is twice actuated, but only the universal bail rockshaft is rotated. the second time, since the remaining rockshafts are retained in their previously set position by the diagrammatically represented associated detent pin 88d, spring pressed, by spring 86s, into engagement with a notch 881i in the operating element. as described in detail in said copending application. Thus, such permutation switch elements 81a `and 81 asare moved into engagement, close a circuit from the positive side of a D. C. source BI, as illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 2, and the universal bail on the other hand opens the circuit from the positive side of the same source by separation of its pair oi' contacts 81UX and 81UXa, in series between the positive side. of said source and the distributor assembly. Contacts 81UX and 81UXb are simultaneously moved into engagement, to momentarily energize a latching circuit, as described in detail later.

The particular permutation of switches closed, will thereby supply positive potential to the sendreceive distributor assembly; including the novel start-stop, single revolution clutch mechanism, send-receive relay and line relay, diagrammaticaily illustrated in Fig. 2 as the send-receive distributor assembly; which in turn, at the proper time and in proper sequence. will transmit the Y anisms and circuits will be given,

set up code permutation of signal components, i through the signal channel represented by the line, to the send-receive distributor assembly at the receive station, in a manner. to be described in detail later. Upon completion of a full half revolution of the cam 62, the universal bail rockshaft 83UBsis returned to its normal position by spring 85 ythereby forcing contacts 81UXand 8'iUXb apart; and producing closure of contacts 81UX 'and 8'IUXa, but the code rockshafts` 83 are retained in their actuatedy positions by the coacting detent pins, until depression of another character key bar. It is seen, therefore, that in a simple and direct manner, a standard oilice typewriter. such as the Electromatic typewriter, modified as stated above, can be utilized, to locally type a character and to set up a code signal having a desired permutation of .components, characteristic of the selected character, which signal vmay be transmitted over the signal channel represented by the line, by the novel means now to be described and which may be utilized at a remote typewriter to type the same character.

The nove1 communication system comprising the present invention consists of the permutation means as just briey described, at each station, for setting up a code signal representative of a character to be remotely typed, a send-receive distributor assembly, comprising in addition to a send-receive relay and a line relay, novel distributor mechanism, and a nove1 start-stop, single revolution clutch mechanism controlled by the line relay to in turn control the operation of the distributor mechanism at the same station. The code signal set up by the permutation unit, is sequentially transmitted by the sending distributor to maintain synchronism between the distributor mechanisms at the local station and at the remote station and to produce typing of the desired character or performance ofthe desired function, the remote distributor mechanism controlling novel mechanical translator means, `set in accordance with the signal elements received to thereby operate that key bar only, corresponding to the character key depressed at the sending station.

A general description coordinated by reference to the respective gures of the drawings, will first be given, of the essential elements of acomplete communication system and then a detailed description of the sending` or transmitting mechanism and circuits and of the receiving mechanism and circuits, including a detailed description of the respective component elements of these mech- .which will be followed by a detailed description of the operation of the complete system including transmission, reception, break-in, lock-out and other communication functions.

General description tion, and controlled in the manner as diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 2, is utilized to produce the start signal by opening the line circuit, to set up a codesignal of separate signal components, characteristic of the character represented by a chosen depressed key, and to produce a stop signal. The particular permutation switch elements which are placed in a closed circuit relation by the permutation mechanism close a circuit up to their associated distributor contacts, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, which contacts are sequentially controlled upon rotation of the startstop clutch, by the transmitting distributor cam, which is driven by the start-stop clutch along with the receive cam, the control of said contacts being conventionally illustrated only, in Figs. 3 and 4.

Upon depression ofv a chosen character key to thereby locally type the character and to simultaneously set up the code signal representative of that character, two of the universal bail contacts are operated to open the line circuit and thereby release the novel start-stop clutch mechanism of Fig. 17 whereby it is rotated one complete revolution, only, and the selecting code signal permutation, as set up by the permutation unit, is sequentially transmitted to the line by means of the sending distributor unit and the send-receive relay, as diagrammatically illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. The line signal elements received at station B, operate a line relay to sequentially control local circuits to the respective contacts of the distributor unit of typewriter B (Fig. 1) as this distributor rotates to thereby sequentially and selectively energize the translator magnets (Fig. 4) of the novel translator mechanism of Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, which magnets thereby selectively set the'permutation slide bars of the translator so that the one seeker lever, (Fig. '7), and the associated key lever only which corresponds to the chosen character is operated (Fig. 2) upon depression of the print bar at station B (Figs. 2, 8 and l) to thereby produce remote typing of the chosen character.

Transmitting mechanism The transmitting mechanism comprises the permutation unit of the above mentioned copending application which is controlled by the key bars of the transmitting typewriter, to control circuits leading to contacts controlled by the transmitting cam of the distributor mechanism. The circuits, closed by the transmitting distributor cam, transmit code elements of the signal to a send-receivel relay at the send station, which relay controls the transmission of the signal elements through ra line relay at the sending station and toa line relay at the receiving station. The line relay at the sending station, controls the operation of a novel start-stop single revolution clutch mechanism which, in turn, controls the operation of the distributor mechanism. 'I'he construction of the permutation unit is as described in detail in said copending application,

The construction of the transmitting distributor vunit and ranging device of the send-receive mechanism, the start-stop single revolution clutch mechanism, `the shift and carriage-return mechanisms and the keyboard lock-out or speed lock means, will now be described in detail.

Referring to Fig. 6, there is illustrated therein the construction and assembly of a novel transmitting or receiving distributor including a novel ranging device as shown and described in apflled June 14, 1941. 'Ihis distributor is diagrammatically illustrated as separate from the typewriter in Fig. 1, but in actual construction it may be fastened to the back of the typewriter to produce a compact unit.

A transmission cam TCv is loosely mounted for rotation about the shaft 88 (Fig. 17) along4 with a similar receive cam RC and the other elements as shown in Fig. 17, the receive cam and other elements being omitted in Fig. 6 to clarify the illustration. Transmission cam TC controls a plurality of movable contacts or switch arms of the switches TI, T2, T3, T4 and T5 cooperating with the permutation switches Pl, P2, P3, P4 and P5 (Fig. 3) and each swltchincluding at least a pair of switch arms a and b. The switches Tl-T6 are in series between the permutation unit switches and the send-receive relay, as diagrammatically illustrated only, in Fig. 3, and thereby control the circuits leading from the respective permutation switches to the line. Cam TC also controls the switch T6 shown as'comprising a pair of switches operated simultaneously by means of the web T6a interconnecting the movable blades a of the two switches.

Referring to Figs. 6 and 6a the horizontal shaft 88 is transversely journaled in ball bearings 89 (only ,one being shown) forced into suitable recesses 90 bored in the end of a spider 9|, rotatably mounted in the distributor end plate 92 of the -distributor mechanism. The shaft 88 is driven by motor means (not shown) to produce rotation of a novel start-stop single revolution clutch mechanism 94 (Fig. 17), as described later, under the control of one of the start-stop magnets SSM or SSM2 diagrammatically illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4.

The send or transmitting cam TC (Figs. 6 and 17) is attached to a spider of the clutch, as described later, for rotation therewith. Upon rotation of the start-stop clutch, the cam TC sequentially closes the a contacts of switches TI to T8, inclusive, (Fig. 6) against the cooperating b contact respectively to thereby transmit to the line, the elements of a particular code signal, as set by the permutation switches PI to P5, inclusive, (Fig. 3) each comprising the pair of contacts 81 and 81a, as described above, and to transmit a stop or marking line signal, as described later. The contacts. comprising the switches, each comprises a spring stack-up, as illustrated in Fig. 6, mounted on the spider 9| and distributed about the circumference thereof, whereby, upon rotative adjustment of the spider, as will now be described, the particular timing of the closure of the contacts of the respective switches TI to T6, inclusive, by cam TC, may be adjusted.

The novel ranging device comprises the spider 9| mounted for rotative adjustment about the shaft 88 by means of the spider-adjusting plate l 98 attached to the spider by screws 98a, and including a slot 98s into which projects the adjustable thumb screw 99, for locking the spider in any desired adjusted position, the relative po, sition being indicated by the index pointer 98p, carried by and movable with the plate 98, and cooperating with the index plate 98h mounted on the distributor end plate. By loosening the thumb screw 99, the spider adjusting plate 98 may be rotatively advanced or retarded, which in turn, advances or retards the time of closure, by cam TC, of the respective switches TI to T6,

plicants copending application Ser. No. 398,069, inclusive, carried by spider 9|. In this manner any shift in phase of the line signal elements may be compensated.

The details of the novel start-stop and single revolution clutch mechanism 94 as shown and described in applicants copending application Ser. No. 398,070, filed June 14, 1941,(are diagrammatically indicated only in Figs. 3 and 4 and are illustrated in Figs. 17 to 23, inclusive. 'I'his clutch mechanism comprises generally an overridingroller type clutch in which six small pins or rollers coact-with a spider |0| and a pair of driver cups |02 and are engaged by means of a wedge action to produce a positive drive.

After the clutch has been engaged, it continues to rotate, locked in step with the shaft 88 by means of cups I02,.until the pawl 85a, for example, of stop arm 98 engages the stop pin 88. The engagement of the stop pin and pawl arrests the motion of a controller disk 91 to which the pin is attached while they energy of the other parts of the clutch causes the clutch to rotate through a small angle which disengages the rollers |00 and thus releases the clutch.

Referring to Fig. 17, the complete clutch mechanism 94 is illustrated as comprising the pair of driver cups |02 fastened to shaft 88 by means such as set screws |02s. Each cup comprises a cylindrical member, bored to t the shaft 88 and provided with a counterbored portion |02cb turned concentric with shaft88, the interior surface of the counterbores constituting the drive surfaces of the clutch. Located between thel pair of driver cups is the spider |0| (Fig. 18) mounted on and in loose contact with the shaft 88 and extending at its ends into the interior of the counterbored portions of the cups. The rollers |00 are mounted in axially extending slots or grooves |0|s (Fig.18) formed in the outer periphery of the spider and the ends of the rollers are so positioned as to contact the interior surfaces of the respective counterbores |02cb of the respective cups when the clutch is engaged. As is seen in Figs. 18 and 19, the slots |0|s are formed eccentrically with respect to the shaft 88 so that motion of the rollers 00 along the bottom of the slots. or grooves. moves the rollers further from the center line of the shaft or closer thereto in accordance with the direction of motion, so that `the rollers are either thereby engaged or disengaged from the driver cups |02. The driving rollers |00 are jointly controlled by an interiorly toothed controller disk or ring 81 (Fig. 20) which ring is rotatably mounted in a radially extending groove |0|g (Fig. 18) formed in the spider 0| and is provided with a torque spring I 03 (Fig. 23) having one end inserted into an `axially extending opening 91a in the controller ring 81 and the -other end inserted into an axially extending opening |04a in the latch contact operating cam |04. The spring |03, upon release of the controller ring 91, tends to rotate the controller ring so that the rollers |00 are urged towards the engaging position (Fig. 22). 'I'he spider |0| is in frictional engagement with a fiber pad |08 (Fig. 17) at each end thereof which in turn is urged into engagement with the rollers by a cup-shaped spring washer |08 bearing on the bottom of the counterbores |02cb of the cups |02, respectively, so that a force is always exerted upon the rollers by the rotation of the driver cups to aid in positioning the pins in the engaged position. By adjustment of the position of the cups on the shaft 88, the frictional force on the spider may be varied. A notch or axially extending 4slot |01 (Figs. 6 and 18) is formed in the outer edge of one of the radially extending members |0|r of the 75 spider and s driving key In (nu. s ma zo mtens the transmittingcam'lc,latchcontactop erating cam |84, (Fig. 17) circuit breaker cam |08 and receive cam RC to the spider Ill for rotation therewith upon release of the controller ring 81 and engagement of the clutch.

As illustrated in Figs. 20 and 21, the controller ring is provided with a stop piny 88 cooperating with the pawls a and 88h on the arm Il (Fig.

25) controlled by they amature SBMA of thestart-stop magnet SSM. Engagement of the pin 88 with either the pawl 88a or 88h, holds the controller ring 81 in position, against the force of the torque exerting spring |08, so that the rollers |08 are held, out of the interlocking engagement, between the rollers. the driver cups and the spider. 'I'his condition is illustrated in Figs. 19 and 20, the

stop arm 88 being schematically illustrated as engaging the stop pin 88. a The teeth "t (Fig. 20) of the controller ring 91 hold the rollers |00 in the positiomas shown in Fis. 19. so that the rollers are located in the deepest part of the slots |0|r of the spider and the rollers are therefore outof engagement with the peripheries of counterbores |02cb, respectively. Upon release of the stop pin 98, as illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 21, the controller ring 91 is rotated by spring |08.` Simultaneously, the friction due to washer |08 (Fig. 17) and cup shaped spring washer |08 tends to rotate the spider |0| in the direction of'rotation of the clutch. l

In order to obtain positive and rapid engagement of the driving pins, bythe ring or controller disk 81, to lock the driving cups to the spider, the controller ring not only must be accelerated by the accelerating spring |03, as Just described, but the spider must be held stationary in the meantime. As is seen in Fig. 24, the hub |04a of cam |04 is provided with a V-notch ||0b into which projects the V-shaped end 0a of the detent lever lil. Since the spider |0| `is connected to cam |84 by key |00 (Fig. 24) the lever ||0 holds the spider stationary when the clutch is disengaged. 'I'herefore, although the friction of members |08 and I8 tend to rotate the spider, as above stated, the

detent lever holds the spider against such immediate rotation. The spring |08, therefore, snaps the ring 81 into rotation and the ring or controller disk teeth Slt quickly assume the position, as shown in Fig. 22, to thereby move thel pins |00 into the shallow parts of the groove ills so that the rollers engage the surfaces of the colmterbores l02cb formed in the cups |02 and the clutch is rotated. Upon the engagement of pin 88- at the end of a revolution of the clutch, the ring 81 is arrested and the momentum of the other parts of the clutch rotates the spider until lever ||8 engages the notch ||0b so that the spider the position of Fig. 19, the rotation of cam |04, with respect to ring 91, before it is stopped by lever |0, thereby placing a stress on spring |88, to oonditlon the same for the next cycle of operation.

The complete operation of the novel start-stop single revolution clutch mechanism of Figs. l7

to 23, inclusive, is as follows: Responding to a spacing line condition, the start-stop magnet SSM (Fig. 25) is denergized and the spring 98s moves vthe armature SSMA' away from the magnet SSM and thereby rotates the stop armV 88 countercloclrwise to the position shown in Fig.

25a so that the pawl 85h is moved outof the path of rotation of the pin 88 and pawl 98a is moved into the path of rotation of this pin thereby stopping the clutch in the preliminary stopv position upon the engagement of pin 98 and pawl 95a (Figs. 3 and 25a). This is the position of the clutch when the system is deenergized -and is not in use.

Upon depression of the send-receive key SRK| (Fig. 4) at the transmitting station A, for example, the line is energized, thereby energizing start-stop magnet SSMI at this station, as will .be explained in detail later.' The armature SSMA of SSMI is thereby attracted, as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 4, so that arm 95 is rotated counterclockwise against the force of spring 95s to the position, as shown in Fig. 25h, and the pawl 95h is rotated into position to intercept the stop pin 96 so that the clutch is arrested in the normal stop position (Fig. 4).

Now, upon transmission o1' the normal start or spacing line condition, magnet SSMI is deenergized and the arm 95 is rotated counterclockwise to the position, as shown in Fig. 25e. As is clearly illustrated in the diagrammatic illustration of Fig. 25e, this release will permit the pin 96 to clear both of the pawls 95a and 95h and such release of pin 96 permits ring 91 under control of spring |03, as described above, to move the rollers into engagement with the cups to rotate clutch 94 until either the pawl 95a is engaged, at the preliminary stop position before the completion of a full revolution,y as shown in Fig. 3, or until pawl 95h is engaged. as shown in Fig. 4, which occurs at the end of one complete revolution during normal operation because a stop or marking line condition is transmitted as the last, signal, component of a complete signal which`stop signal energizes magnet SSMI to attract armature SSMA to rotate arm 95 to the position, as shown in Fig. 25, and diagrammatically illustrated only, in Fig. 4. Such engagement of pin 96 stops the clutch and resets spring |03, as described above.

Rotation of the start-stop clutch produces rotation of the cam TC (Figs. 3, 4, 6 and 17), cam |04 (Figs. 4 and 17), cam |09 (Figs. 4 and 17) and cam RC (Figs. 3, 4 and 17) and rotation of the cam TC (Figs. 3, 4, 6 and 17) for example, sequentially operates the transmitting switches T|--T|i, inclusive, as previously explained. Upon receipt of the stop signal near the end of one cycle of operation, the start-stop magnet is energized'to stop the clutch in the normal stop position, as previously described, thereby limiting the start-stop clutch mechanism to a single revolution only.

Mechanism for locally producing shift or carriage-return and simultaneously producing a letters or figures shift signal or a carriage-return I signal for remote control of these functions, will now be described. Referring to Fig. 26, a standard power cam for locally producing letters or figures shift, which shift cam is, as is well known, normally operative upon the downward stroke and also operative on the upward stroke, is operatively connected for control thereby in the well known manner, to an extension ||2a of an auxiliary key lever ||2, in this instance, instead of being operatively connected to the standard Figa key lever 52F. Key levers ||2 and 52F are mounted for rotation about the cylindrical rod element ||3, in a manner well known in the art, the key lever 52F by means of its extension 55 controlling a single half revolution cam 62,

` as in Fig. 2.

a key bar slot S. The power shift cam, when operated by remote control or when manually operated through the digital operation of the Figs key 5|F controls, in a normal manner, the shifting of the typewriter basket locally, to

Figa case, by operation of key lever ||2 and consequent downward stroke of extension ||2a, while upon the upward stroke of lever ||2 produced, by means of interconnecting mechanism as will be presently described, by depression of the letters key 5|L, the basket is locally shifted to the Letters case. 'I'he letters key lever 52L may be remotelycontrolled by means of a seeker lever, in the same manner as the remote control of lever 521i', or it may be digitally operated. The letters key lever 52L, by means of its extension 55, controls a standard, single half revolution power cam 62 .having a slider actuating roller 19 mounted on an extension of the support arm thereof, as in Fig. 2.

A rocker lever ||4 is pivotally mounted on the frame ||5 by means of a pivot screw H6. An inverted L-shaped lug ||1 integral with the left end of the lever ||4 engages in an opening ||2b formed in the auxiliary key lever ||2. The Figs key lever 52E, in its unoperated position, abuts the top of the rocker lever IM, and upon depression, of the key 5|F, will rotate the rocker lever counterclockwise. key lever 52L in its unoperated position, abuts the top of the rocker lever and upon depression of this key lever it produces clockwise rotation of the rocker lever. A spring arm ||8, attached to the frame ||5, is provided with a circular, protruding element, ||9 which engages in either an upper indentation |20 or a lower indentation |2| formed in the right hand end of the rocker lever H4. When the rocker lever is rotated vclockwise upon depression of thefLetters" key 5|L, the protruding element I9 engages the top indentation |20 of lever IM, as shown in Fig. 26, to thereby hold the rocker lever in the extreme clockwise position. Likewise, when the lever ||4 is rotated counterclockwise by depression of the Figs." key 5 iF, the element I9 engages the lower indentation |2| to hold the lever ||4 in its extreme counterclockwise position.

The operation is as follows: The Figs key 5|F is `first depressed and allowed to return to its normal position. Depression of the Figa key not only releases its associated cam 62, in the well known manner, to permit roller 19 to operate the associated slider, as in Fig. 2, to set up the permutation code signal characteristic of Figs." shift but also rotates the rocking lever ||4 counterclockwise, and'this lever is held in the extreme counterclockwse position by means of spring arm ||8, element IIS and indentation l |2I. Counterclockwise rotation of the rocker lever depresses the key lever I2 by means ofthe inverted L-shaped lug ||1 integral with the lever ||4. Upon depression of lever ||2, this lever remains down, releasing cam I for a half revolution only, whereby the type basket is locally shifted to the Figs." case and will remain in that condition until the LettersA key is depressed. f

Upon depression and release of the Letters key 5|L, on the other hand, not only is its associated cam 62 released to rotate a half revolution, so that its roller 19 will operate its associated slider, in a manner now well understood, to set up the permutation code signal representative of Letters shift, but also the rocker lever Ill is, this time, rotated clockwise to thereby raise lever Likewise, the Letters I |2 to release cam III for another half revolution ters case.

Successive depressions of the Figa key or of the Letters key will permit repeat signals tobe transmitted to the line but will not at all affect the rocker lever I'I4, so that the typewriter basket will locally remain in either Figa case or "Letters case, depending upon `whether the Figs key or "Letters key is being successively depressed. Y e

There is also disclosed in Fig. 26, anovel carriage-return signaling and operating arrangement. It is to be noted, at this point, that inthe standard Electromatic typewriter, the carriagereturn power cam is of the single lobe type, in contrast to the ordinary double lobe type, such as is illustrated in Fig. 2. Upon actuation of the carriage-return key, the single iobe cam is locked in operative position until the typewrite carriage completely returns to the left hand margin. Due to the variable operating time of the carriagereturn cam, means must be provided to produce a signal, corresponding to carriage-return, which will occupy the same time interval as all other signals. e

Referring to Fig. 26, a carriage-return lever 52CR is mounted for rotation about the rod II3 l as a pivot, in the well known manner. ,An auxiliary lever |22 is likewise mounted for rotation about rod II3.` A generally U-shaped connecting link |23 is pivotally mounted in a bracket |24 fastened to a part of the frame, by any well known means. One end of the link |23 engages in an opening formed in the key lever 52CR while the opposite end of the link |23 engages in an opening formed in the lever |22. The car,- riage-return lever 52CR controls the usual single lobe cam (not shown) producing carriagereturn locally. The lever I 22, controls an ordinary twolobe power cam (not shown) in the same manner generally, as lever 52L, for example.

The operation is as follows: Upon depression of the carriage-return key SICR, a single lobe power cam is released and the carriage at the local machine is returned to its left hand margin.

Simultaneously, upon depression of the key I CR, the lever 52CRis depressed and the link |23 operated thereby depresses lever |22 thereby releasing the ordinary two-lobe power camv such I as 62, associated therewith, to set up the carriagereturn signal permutation so that consequently hook |30 to the lever |28 at one end thereof and the machine at the remote station is controlled by the received signal to operate the carriage-return lever at said remote station and thereby produce a return of the carriage at the remote station, to its left hand margin. By utilizing the combination of lever 52CR and lever |22 with the respective cams, as controlled by these levers, the function of carriage-return is produced locally, in the usual manner, and a carriage-return signal, of equal duration to-all other character or function representing signals, is transmitted to a remote station.

The details of the keyboard lock-out or speed lock mechanism which comprise a' part of the novel break-in means is disclosed in Fig. 5. This keyboard lock-out is of the type as disclosed in' thevcopending application of Henry L. Tholstrup, Serial No. 298,005, filed October 5, 1939, now Patent 2,255,030 granted Sept. 2, 1941.

Referring to Fig..5, the "lock-out means are seen as comprising a comb |25 of the typewriter provided with a lock-out mechanism comprising a plurality of rollers |26, mounted in a roller guide |21, these rollers being of such diameter and so spaced that only one key lever or the "lock-out" lever only, can be depressed at any one time. .l A lock-outf lever |28, similar to the ordinary key leverjof a typewriter, is mounted, by means of rod H3, for oscillation in a vertical plane about said rod as a-pivot. A spring |29, attached by a fastened to the frame of the typewriter by means such as I3I at the other end thereof, biases the lever against the top of a guide slot III in the comb-|25. ,p y l A coil spring I 22 having one end |23 thereof threaded through an` opening I MinI lever |22, is connected at its other end to a'lug .ISI integral with the top of plunger |38 comprising the armature of` a ,lockout" or latch vmagnet LM '(see alsoFig. 4) mounted in the U`shaped base Ill. 'Ihe energization of latch magnetLM is controlled by the'novel "break-in system which will be described in detail later. l

yThe operation of the "lock-out" is as follows: Upon energization of the magnetLM, the plunger or armature |35 is drawn downwardly, as viewed in Fig. 5, applying a force to the coil spring |32 whereby the lock-out lever Il28 is oscillated, about the rod I I3 as a pivot, against the force of bias spring |29 and thereupon lever |28 is pulled downwardly to the bottom of the guide slot I3I and between a pair of the rollers |26 whereby the spacing between the rollers is so decreased, that no key lever of'the typewriter can now enter therebetween until lever |28 is retractedby the spring I 28 upon deenergization of magnet LM. 'Ihe utilization of the lock-out means in combination with a novel break-in system.' will be described in detail later. 1

Receiving mechanism The receiving mechanisms and related 'circuits are illustrated diagrammatically only, inFigs.-3 and 4,' and it is to be particularly noted that such circuits and such mechanisms are provided at boththe sending and receiving machines. It is.

alsoto be particularly noted, as described above, i

that elements of the transmitting mechanism and of the receiving mechanism at any one station are both mounted upon a single shaft 88 vfor operation by the same clutch 94, as illustrated diagrammatically in Figs. 3 and 4. The receiving mechanism comprises a receive cam RC2-similar in construction to the transmission cam TC (Fig. 6) and mounted on the same shaft 8l as the trans'- the individual switches RI to RI, inclusive, are.

in series with a power source: throughthe Vcontacts of the send-receive relay, the permutation slide bar magnets MI to M5, inclusive, and the armature of line relay LR2, for example, and

printing magnet PM; and switch R8 is similarly in series withthe start-stop 'magnet solenoid SSM2; whereby the switches RI to R5, sequentially and selectively control the current through the` permutation slide bar magnets and switch R6 controls the energization of SSM2 in accordance with the characteristic of the received code signal permutation elements, respectively. Since the receive cam RC is controlled by the same clutch M as the transmitting cam TC, the two cams at 'lator or permutation slide any one machine are rotated in unison. Means are provided, as described in detail later, for rendering the receive cam and its associated switches, at the sending station, ineffective during transmission, while the receive cam, at the receiving station, is released for rotation in step with the transmitter cam at the sending station, all as described later. i I

Referring to Figs. 7 to 16, inclusive, the construction, arrangement and manner of operation of the signal storage mechanism, including an overlap arrangement, will now be described in detail. 'I'his signal storage mechanism is of the mechanical storage type as shown and described in applicants copending application Ser. No. 398,068, tiled June 14, 1941, wherein the transbars are selectively positioned, in accordance with the character of the respective signal elements comprising a received line code signal permutation, to align a certain series of notches in the respective bars, so that one seeker lever only, will be operated, to thereby operate its associated key lever upon operation of the drop or print bar, when the latter is actuated in response to a timed local impulse from print segment PS of the receive distributor. The translator is mounted in the typewriter directly beneath the key levers and above the permutation unt.

Referring to Figs. 11, 12 and 13, the translator unit is shown as comprising a plurality of five permutation slide bars |38, separated by elongated rollers |39 (Figs. 12 and 13) mounted in openings |40 in the respective slide bars. `The bars are slidably mountedvon cross members 14|. A pair of brackets |42, attached to cross mem bers |4| by screws |43, serve to securely fasten the translator unit in place beneath the key levers. Support members |44 and |45 maintain the bars in proper alignment and prevent lateral separation of the bars. The permutation slide bars are provided with notches arranged in accordance with the Baudot code, so that, upon relative longitudinal arrangement of the bars, selectively in accordance with the elements of a received code signal permutation, only one series of slots will be aligned for any one signal permutation received. A stop member |46 fastened by screws |41 to one of the cross members |4| cooperates with an extension |38a, on each permutation bar to limit the longitudinal movement of the bar, when it is released by the permutation bar magnet corresponding thereto. A coil spring |48, is provided for each slide bar, having a hook'i48a at one end attached to the corresponding bar by insertion into an opening |3811 in the bar and the opposite end is maintained in position bya pin |49 passing through an eye |481), the pin abutting an angle member |50 attached to one of the cross members |4| by screws (Fig. l1). The permutation slide bars are positioned in their extreme left hand position, by means of the restore magnet RM (Fig. controlling its armature RMA carrying the restore arm |52 extending into each of the notches |38c formed in the permutation slide bars. Upon energization of the restore magnet, as will be described in detail later, its armature is attracted and the restore arm |52 engaging a side of a notch |380, moves the slide bars against the force of their bias springs |48, to the left, to their extreme leit hand position, as illus-L trated in Fig. 11. A series of permutation slide bar magnets M| to M5, inclusive, one for each slide bar respectively, is provided and their armatures provided with latches maintain the slide bars in the extreme left hand position, as described presently, when the magnets are deenergized, and upon energization Of the magnets by received signal elements they selectively re-v lease the slide bars from said position, in accordance with the particular code signal permutation received. Each of the translator magnets, such as M4 of Fig. 11, for example, is mounted on a frame |53 attachedv to the front-plate |54 by means o f screws |55, which plate in turn is attached to the cross members |4| by screws |56. Each magnet is provided with an armature |51, mounted for oscillation about a pair of pivot points |58 carried by frame |53. Armature |51 is provided with a latch member |51| (Figs. 12 and 14) at one end and is urged to the position as illustrated in Fig. 11 against a stop (not shown) by means of a spring bias member |58 -whose biasing force is adjusted by means of an adjustable screw |60. When `the restore magnet RM has been energized to restorethe slide bars |38 to their extreme left hand position, as illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12, the latches |51|, when magnets Mi to M5 are deenergized, abut a shoulder |38d, on each slide bar |38, to hold the bar in position against the force of its related spring |48. Upon selective energization of any of the permutation slide bar magnets, in accordance with the respective received code permutation elements, the energized magnet, such as M4, for example, attracts its armature |51 to thereby disengage the latch |51| from the shoulder |38d (Fig. 12) whereupon the spring |48 pulls the slide bar to the right, to the position as illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15. The particular permutation of slide bars, so released, determines the particular array of notches which is aligned, which in turn determines the particular seeker lever that can enter the aligned notches, which seeker lever, upon operation of the print bar, depresses its connected key lever to operate the same, as illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 2.

As illustrated in Fig. 16, certain of the permu' tation slide` bar magnets, such as MI and M2, for example, may be provided with novel means whereby the slide bar magnet is maintained energized long enough for the restore magnet to operate fully, which latter operation may not occur until the i'lrst and second selecting code signal elements of the next succeeding character signal have been transmitted over the line and received at the receive station, whereby the full signal transmitting capacity of the system may be utilized.

As is seen in Fig. 16, a permutation slide bar magnet such as MI or M2, for example, cornprlses a core 16| upon which is wound a low resistance coil |62 of comparatively few turns concentrated at the armature end of the core. In series with coil |62 is a high resistance winding |63 of several thousand turns occupying the heel end of the core and shunted by a storing condenser |64. When the local pulse, corresponding to a received code signal permutation element, is applied to the winding of the corresponding magnet, a rush of current flows through the low resistance winding |62 into the storing condenser |64, which, because of its large capacityfoiers comparatively little impedance to such rush of current and hence the current magnetizes the core |62 at the armature end to attract the armature |51 so that the latch |51| assumes the position as illustrated in Fig. 14. The electrical energy thus stored in condenser |64, combined 

